所說的軋鋼機就是通過兩個傳動的軋輥中間的輥封對鋼件進行軋制的機械設備，軋鋼機械的主要構成包括主機和輔機兩大部分。軋鋼機按軋輥的數目可以分為兩輥式、三輥式、四輥式和多輥式軋鋼機。軋鋼機都使用電動機進行傳動，以前的軋機對軋制過程的速度要求不高時，就基本采用交流電動機，現在要求軋制過程需要調速時，就常采用直流電動機。軋鋼機傳動機構包括、齒輪機座、減速機、飛輪、聯軸器、萬向節等部分。

      軋(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)工(gong)作機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等。軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)、軸(zhou)承、軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)調整裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、導衛裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)機(ji)(ji)(ji)架等組成(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)作機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)；主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)聯(lian)軸(zhou)器(qi)、減(jian)(jian)速器(qi)、齒輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)、萬向或梅花(hua)接軸(zhou)等組成(cheng)(cheng)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。這(zhe)一機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)系統統稱主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)列，也(ye)稱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)車間主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設備。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)列的(de)(de)類型(xing)和特(te)征標志(zhi)著整個軋(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)車間的(de)(de)類型(xing)及(ji)特(te)點。由于軋(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷發(fa)展及(ji)鋼(gang)(gang)材產品種(zhong)類的(de)(de)增加(jia)，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)形式也(ye)發(fa)展多種(zhong)多樣(yang)。其(qi)(qi)中軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)產量(liang)大、自動(dong)(dong)(dong)化程度高(gao)的(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)類有很多，一套(tao)鋼(gang)(gang)板軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)由以(yi)(yi)下(xia)分布構成(cheng)(cheng)：直(zhi)接軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)板帶的(de)(de)工(gong)作軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)，由電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)通過齒輪和主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)；用于調整輥(gun)(gun)封開度的(de)(de)壓下(xia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)高(gao)度調整機(ji)(ji)(ji)構；用于安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)他部(bu)件并(bing)承受(shou)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)負荷(he)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)架；軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)平衡裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)液壓彎輥(gun)(gun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；用于支(zhi)(zhi)撐工(gong)作輥(gun)(gun)以(yi)(yi)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)其(qi)(qi)彎曲(qu)變形的(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)持輥(gun)(gun)；用于驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等。

      軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼機(ji)的(de)(de)機(ji)架是(shi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)重要和(he)(he)使用(yong)的(de)(de)部件，其上安裝有軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)、軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)調整(zheng)裝置、軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)座等。根據軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)形式和(he)(he)工(gong)作要求，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)機(ji)架分為閉口機(ji)架和(he)(he)開(kai)式機(ji)架兩種。萬向接軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)扭矩傳遞(di)的(de)(de)關鍵部件，他們的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能直接決(jue)定(ding)著整(zheng)個軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)的(de)(de)能力，甚至制約著整(zheng)條軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)線的(de)(de)產能。保(bao)持軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)輥(gun)(gun)系的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)是(shi)提(ti)高(gao)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制精(jing)度、產品質(zhi)量、延長設備使用(yong)壽命的(de)(de)重要保(bao)證。軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)是(shi)使用(yong)金屬塑性(xing)(xing)變化(hua)的(de)(de)部件，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)支撐(cheng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)并保(bao)持軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)在機(ji)架中(zhong)的(de)(de)固定(ding)位(wei)置，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)不(bu)同選用(yong)的(de)(de)支撐(cheng)輥(gun)(gun)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)不(bu)同。由于滾(gun)動軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)系數(shu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小，剛醒(xing)大，承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壓能力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小，且外形尺(chi)寸較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大，所以(yi)是(shi)鋼板(ban)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)中(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)工(gong)作輥(gun)(gun)。液體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)優點是(shi)摩(mo)擦(ca)系數(shu)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小，使用(yong)工(gong)作速(su)度高(gao)，剛性(xing)(xing)好。承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壓能力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大，缺點是(shi)油(you)膜厚(hou)度隨速(su)度而變化(hua)，液體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在鋼板(ban)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)支撐(cheng)輥(gun)(gun)和(he)(he)其它高(gao)速(su)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)中(zhong)常(chang)常(chang)使用(yong)。